Dr. Robert Becker is well-known in Scotland Mental Health Specialist, Neuropsychologist, Diagnostician and Psychotherapist Dr. Becker brings over 12 years of expertise to his writing. With advanced qualifications and clinical experience, his articles offer valuable insights into mental health, psychology, and holistic therapeutic approaches.
When discussing mental health, we often categorise conditions into neat diagnostic boxes: anxiety disorders, depression, personality disorders, and neurodevelopmental conditions. However, mental health does not always fit into these strict classifications. People with obsessive-compulsive tendencies, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience mental health challenges that overlap, interact, and evolve over time.
These individuals are at a significantly higher risk of developing anxiety-related conditions, particularly adjustment disorder, acute stress disorder, and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). Yet, despite these clear links, many are misdiagnosed with clinical depression.
This misdiagnosis often occurs because clinicians fail to track the chronology of symptoms, leading them to overlook the underlying stressors that contribute to the development of anxiety disorders. Additionally, in diagnosing depression, practitioners tend to omit crucial personality aspects, missing the fact that a person’s long-term patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving shape how they experience mental health struggles.
To improve diagnostic accuracy, a comprehensive personality inventory should be a routine part of mental health assessments. However, this crucial step is often skipped, leading to incorrect diagnoses, ineffective treatment, and prolonged distress for patients.
This article explores why individuals with obsessive traits, OCD, OCPD, and autism are at increased risk for anxiety disorders, why they are frequently misdiagnosed with depression, and how personality assessment can help improve diagnosis and treatment.
Understanding anxiety in people with OCD, OCPD, and autism
What makes these individuals more vulnerable to anxiety disorders?
Anxiety disorders develop from a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. For individuals with obsessive traits, OCPD, OCD, and ASD, several key factors increase their vulnerability:
1. A high need for order, predictability, and control
People with obsessive-compulsive traits and autism often struggle with uncertainty and unexpected change.
Rigid thinking patterns make them more prone to stress when routines are disrupted.
A strong need for control can make it difficult to adapt to life’s unpredictability, leading to excessive worry and anxiety.
2. Increased sensory and cognitive sensitivity
Many autistic individuals have heightened sensory processing, making them more sensitive to environmental stimuli (e.g., noise, light, crowded spaces).
Those with OCD experience intrusive thoughts and compulsions that drive anxiety, while people with OCPD may struggle with perfectionism and self-criticism, both of which contribute to chronic stress.
3. Tendencies toward overthinking and perfectionism
Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is common in individuals with OCD and OCPD due to their tendency to ruminate over decisions, responsibilities, and perceived mistakes.
Perfectionism can lead to fear of failure, procrastination, and excessive self-monitoring, all of which contribute to chronic stress and anxiety.
4. Challenges in social interactions
People with autism and obsessive-compulsive traits often struggle with social situations due to difficulties with social cues, indirect communication, or interpersonal conflicts.
Social anxiety is common, as they may fear being misunderstood or judged.
5. Difficulties coping with emotional distress
People with OCD, OCPD, and ASD often rely on structured routines or repetitive behaviours to manage stress.
When these coping strategies fail or when external stressors become overwhelming, they may develop acute stress disorder, adjustment disorder, or GAD.
Why are these conditions often misdiagnosed as depression?
Despite the clear link between obsessive traits, autism, and anxiety disorders, many individuals receive an incorrect diagnosis of clinical depression. This happens for several reasons:
1. Focus on low mood rather than anxiety
Many individuals with obsessive traits and autism experience low energy, irritability, and emotional exhaustion, which can be mistaken for depression.
However, in many cases, this low mood is a secondary response to prolonged anxiety, sensory overload, or unmanageable stress rather than primary depression.
2. Failure to track the chronology of symptoms
Clinicians often fail to ask about the order in which symptoms developed.
If a person’s anxiety, perfectionism, or stress predates their low mood, their depressive symptoms are likely secondary.
Without understanding the sequence of symptom development, practitioners may incorrectly diagnose primary depression instead of an anxiety-related condition.
3. Overlooking the role of stressors in anxiety development
People with OCD, OCPD, and ASD are particularly sensitive to external stressors (e.g., work-related stress, relationship difficulties, or sensory overload).
However, clinicians often diagnose depression based solely on symptoms at the time of assessment, failing to explore how life stressors contribute to anxiety.
4. Ignoring personality factors in diagnosis
Personality traits strongly influence mental health, yet they are often overlooked in clinical assessments.
Individuals with OCPD or perfectionistic tendencies may display behaviours (e.g., excessive self-criticism, rigid thinking, difficulty adapting to change) that mimic depression but stem from personality-based distress.
The importance of personality assessment in mental health diagnosis
To prevent misdiagnosis and improve treatment, clinicians should conduct a personality inventory before beginning a general mental health assessment.
What is a personality inventory?
A personality inventory is a structured psychological assessment that evaluates a person’s long-term traits, thought patterns, and coping styles. It helps determine:
Whether an individual’s distress is related to lifelong personality traits rather than a temporary disorder.
How personality patterns influence symptoms of anxiety or depression.
Whether a person’s symptoms stem from external stressors, personality dynamics, or a neurodevelopmental condition.
Why is personality assessment crucial for accurate diagnosis?
1. Prevents misdiagnosis of depression
A personality assessment helps differentiate true clinical depression from chronic stress, perfectionism-related distress, or anxiety-driven exhaustion.
This ensures that patients receive appropriate treatments tailored to their needs.
2. Improves treatment effectiveness
If a person’s symptoms arise from obsessive-compulsive personality traits, treatment should focus on cognitive restructuring and flexibility training rather than standard antidepressant therapy.
If distress is due to autism-related sensory overload, accommodations and sensory management strategies are more effective than traditional depression treatments.
3. Identifies underlying stressors and triggers
Rather than assuming low mood is a sign of depression, personality assessments help identify what is driving distress, whether it be rigidity, social anxiety, perfectionism, or sensory sensitivity.
4. Prevents long-term mental health struggles
By identifying the correct underlying causes of distress early, clinicians can tailor treatments to the individual, reducing the likelihood of chronic misdiagnosis and ineffective treatment.
Conclusion
People with obsessive-compulsive tendencies, OCPD, OCD, and autism spectrum disorder are at significantly higher risk of anxiety-related conditions, particularly adjustment disorder, acute stress disorder, and generalised anxiety disorder. However, due to overlapping symptoms, many are misdiagnosed with clinical depression.
This misdiagnosis often occurs because clinicians overlook the sequence of symptoms, ignore contributing stressors, and fail to consider personality factors. As a result, patients may receive inappropriate treatments that fail to address the root causes of their distress.
To ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment, a comprehensive personality assessment should be a routine part of mental health evaluations. By integrating personality-based assessments into diagnostic practices, clinicians can differentiate between primary depression, anxiety disorders, and personality-driven distress, leading to better mental health outcomes for individuals with obsessive traits, OCD, OCPD, and autism.
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Dr Robert Becker, Mental Health Professional
Dr. Robert Becker is an experienced mental health professional with over 12 years of clinical practice and advanced qualifications in psychology and counselling. Holding a PhD in Cognitive Psychology, he specializes in holistic, client-centered care, addressing a range of mental health challenges. Beyond therapy, Dr. Becker mentors other professionals, ensuring high standards in the field, and shares his expertise through writing, public speaking, and training. Passionate about mental well-being, he is dedicated to helping individuals achieve meaningful, lasting change.
