Will Kimmins is an expert in trauma and the effects of chronic stress on mental health. Following a decades long career in Special Operations for the US military, Will founded and owns Overwatch Counseling Services in multiple states in the USA.
Parenting is one of life’s most challenging and rewarding journeys. One of the most critical transitions in the parent-child relationship occurs as children move from adolescence to adulthood. This period requires parents to shift their role from being authority figures to trusted advisors. Failing to make this adjustment can have long-term consequences for both the parent and the child, often resulting in strained relationships or underdeveloped independence in the child.
Parenting is like teaching your child to ride a bike. At first, you hold the seat, steadying them with every wobble. As they grow, you let go, but you’re still running alongside, ready to help if they fall. Eventually, they ride ahead on their own, confident and independent. Your role shifts, but your presence remains just as important.
During childhood, parents typically function as authority figures, providing structure, discipline, and guidance. This role is essential for the child’s development, as it creates a foundation of safety, accountability, and trust. However, as children enter adolescence, they begin to develop their identity, values, and decision-making abilities.
According to Arnett’s (2000) theory of emerging adulthood, this stage is marked by a search for autonomy, identity exploration, and self-reliance. Holding onto an authoritarian approach during this period can stifle growth and lead to rebellion or withdrawal.
Research has shown that parents who maintain overly controlling relationships with their adult children, a phenomenon known as “helicopter parenting,” may inadvertently contribute to anxiety, depression, and poor coping skills in their children (Segrin et al., 2012). This parenting style often prevents children from developing the confidence needed to navigate life’s complexities independently. Conversely, a lack of guidance or engagement can leave children feeling unsupported, leading to potential struggles with decision-making and self-efficacy.
To foster a healthy dynamic, parents should gradually shift their approach as their child transitions into adulthood.
Three key strategies to help parents navigate this change
1. Encourage autonomy while staying engaged
During adolescence, involve your child in decision-making processes, even for relatively low-stakes situations. For example, rather than dictating which extracurricular activities they should pursue, discuss their interests and let them choose. As they grow older, this collaborative approach will empower them to make decisions confidently while knowing they can seek your input when needed.
2. Model healthy communication
Open and respectful communication is vital for maintaining a strong parent-child bond in adulthood. Shift from giving directives to asking questions such as “What do you think would work best in this situation?” or “How can I support you?” This approach fosters a sense of partnership rather than hierarchy.
3. Redefine your role
Recognize that your child’s success as an adult hinges on their ability to make independent decisions. Offer advice and share experiences when asked, but avoid taking over or pressuring them to follow your preferred course of action. This allows your child to develop resilience and accountability while still valuing your input.
Failing to adapt to this new dynamic can have serious consequences. For some, it results in limited communication or estranged relationships, as adult children may feel smothered or criticized. For others, it delays the development of self-reliance, leaving them overly dependent on parental guidance well into adulthood. Studies have found that adult children with over-involved parents often experience higher levels of distress and are less likely to take initiative in their personal or professional lives (Padilla-Walker & Nelson, 2012).
As a psychotherapist working with many young adults facing anxiety and other mental health challenges, I’ve seen firsthand how an unhealthy parent-child dynamic can exacerbate these issues. Parents who embrace the transition from authority figures to trusted advisors not only strengthen their bond with their adult children but also contribute to their long-term well-being and independence. By fostering autonomy, modeling healthy communication, and redefining their role, they set the stage for a relationship built on mutual respect and trust.
William Kimmins, Licensed Mental Health Therapist
Will Kimmins is a leader in treating chronic stress and trauma, especially in people who have been exposed to traumatic events repeatedly over long periods. After his career as a special operator in the US military, Will saw the shortfalls of the mental health field when engaging with people like him and decided to do something about it. Will founded his private mental health practice to engage with people who had survived chronic trauma exposure differently, increasing their competence and agency so that their healing comes from within. Will is also credentialed for animal-assisted therapy and continues to find ways to help people like him connect more effectively with the care they need.
